Pazida zamagetsi ndi ma projekiti a waya, "chitetezo" nthawi zonse chimakhala mzere wofiira wosasweka. Pankhani ya satifiketi yachitetezo chamagetsi,UL satifiketimosakayika ndi "golide wamtundu" pamakampani. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane mozama za mawaya okhala ndi certification ya UL (otchedwa "UL wires" mwachidule) - ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Chifukwa chiyani iyenera kukhala chizindikiro chachitetezo chodziwika padziko lonse lapansi? Ndipo ndi zochitika ziti zomwe zimagwira ntchito?
Choyamba, mvetsetsani: Kodi certification ya UL ndi chiyani?
Musanakambirane mawaya a UL, ndikofunikira kuti mufotokozere "mtengo" wa certification wa UL. UL, yomwe dzina lake lonse ndi Underwriters Laboratories, idakhazikitsidwa mu 1894 ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mabungwe oyambirira komanso ovomerezeka kwambiri pachitatu{2}}mabungwe achitetezo a chipani padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutsimikizira kudzera mu kuyesa kwasayansi ndikuwunika ngati chinthucho chikukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zachitetezo monga moto ndi kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.
Mosiyana ndi mfundo zina zamabizinesi "-zodzitamandira", chiphaso cha UL chimagwiritsa ntchito miyezo yotseguka komanso yokhwima yamakampani (mwachitsanzo, mulingo wa UL 62 ndi mulingo wokhazikika wa mawaya ndi zingwe zosunthika), ndipo ntchito yonse yotsimikizira imamalizidwa ndi gulu lina popanda kudalira bizinesi iliyonse. Choncho, zotsatira zake zimakhala zodalirika kwambiri. Amadziwika kwambiri ku North America, Europe ndi mayiko ambiri ndi zigawo padziko lonse lapansi.
Mawaya a UL: Sikuti "kukhala ndi certification"
Ndondomeko yotsimikizira: "sanjika-mwa-kuwunika kwamagulu" kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira mpaka kuzinthu zomalizidwa
Njira yotsimikizira mawaya a UL imatha kufotokozedwa ngati "yolimba", makamaka kuphatikiza maulalo ofunikira awa.
Kuwunika kwazinthu zopangira
Zida zopangira mawaya - ma kondakita (monga mkuwa, aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotero), zotsekera (monga PVC, XLPE, ndi zina zotero), zigawo za sheath, ndi zina zotere. - ziyenera kutsata mfundo za UL, monga ma conductivity a magetsi a ma kondakitala ndi kutentha ndi kukana kukalamba kwa zotchingira zigawo. Mabizinesi akuyenera kupereka malipoti owunikira zinthu zabwino komanso kuvomereza kuwunika mwachisawawa.
Kuyang'anira njira zopangira
UL ichita kafukufuku-pamalo opangira mabizinesi opangira zinthu pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti njira zopangira, kulondola kwa zida, ndi makina owongolera amakwaniritsa zofunikira, komanso kupewa kuti zinthu -zisatsatire chifukwa chopatuka.
Kuyesa mwamphamvu kwa zinthu zomalizidwa
Ili ndiye gawo loyambira la certification. Zinthu zoyeserera zimaphimba mbali zonse zachitetezo, monga: kuyesa kukana kutentha (kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa mawaya pamalo okwera-kutentha), kuyesa kukana kwamagetsi (kupewa kusweka kwa wosanjikiza ndi kutayikira), kuyesa kochepetsa kuyaka kwamoto (kuchedwetsa kuyaka ndi kuchepetsa kutulutsa utsi wapoizoni pakayaka moto), kuyesa kwamphamvu (kuonetsetsa kuti zomangira zimadutsa pakati pa zoyezera ndi zina). certification ipezeke.
Tsatirani-kutsata ndi kuyang'anira
Chitsimikizo cha UL sichitha-nthawi imodzi. Bungwe la certification limayang'ana mabizinesi pafupipafupi ndikuyesa zitsanzo pazomaliza. Zogulitsa zikapezeka kuti-zikusagwirizana ndi mfundo, satifiketi imayimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kuthetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chinthucho chikuyenda bwino.
Ubwino Wachikulu: Chifukwa Chiyani Musankhe mawaya a UL poyamba?
Chitetezo ngati ukonde wachitetezo, ziwopsezo zochepa
Uwu ndiye mtengo wofunikira kwambiri wa mawaya a UL. Pambuyo poyezetsa-zambiri monga kuchedwa kwa malawi, kupirira kutentha ndi kusagwirizana ndi kukanikiza, kuthekera kwa kutayikira, kuzungulira kwafupi ndi moto pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwachepetsedwa kwambiri. Makamaka m'malo omwe muli anthu ambiri kapena apamwamba-amagetsi-odzaza zinthu monga nyumba, masitolo, ndi mafakitale, mawaya a UL amatha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kuyatsa kwamagetsi kuchokera komwe kumachokera.
Ubwino wokhazikika komanso moyo wautali wautumiki
Kuwongolera kokhazikika kwa certification ya UL pazopangira ndi njira zopangira kumatsimikizira kusasinthasintha komanso kukhazikika kwa mawaya. Mwachitsanzo, kusanjikiza kwa insulation sikumakonda kukalamba kapena kusweka, ndipo conductivity ya conductor imakhalabe yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti moyo wautumiki wa mawaya a UL nthawi zambiri umakhala wautali kuposa mawaya wamba, kuchepetsa mtengo ndi zovuta pakukonza ndikusintha pambuyo pake.
Zikugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, nkhawa za kutumiza{0}kwaulere
Chitsimikizo cha UL chimakhala chodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pamsika waku North America, komwe kumakhala kovomerezeka kuti zinthu zamagetsi zigwiritse ntchito mawaya okhala ndi satifiketi ya UL. Ngati zida zopangidwa ndi bizinesi zikuyenera kutumizidwa kunja, kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya a UL kumatha kuchepetsa zotchinga zamalonda ndikukulitsa mpikisano wamsika wazogulitsa.
Mfundo zomveka bwino zimapangitsa kusankha kukhala kodetsa nkhawa-kwaulere
Pali muyezo umodzi wa chitsanzo kutchula mawaya UL, monga "UL 1007", "UL 1015", etc. kondakitala specifications, makulidwe kutchinjiriza, ndi kutentha kukana makalasi (monga 80 digiri , 105 digiri ) mogwirizana ndi chitsanzo aliyense momveka bwino. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha mwachangu mtunduwo malinga ndi zosowa zawo zenizeni popanda kudandaula za vuto la "zolemba zabodza".
Zochitika za mawaya a UL: Malowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera
Ndi chifukwa cha chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwake kuti mawaya a UL ali ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito, makamaka m'madera omwe ali ndi chitetezo chachikulu.
malo a anthu wamba
Mawaya a soketi ndi nyali pokongoletsa m'nyumba, makamaka m'malo achinyezi ndi{0}}motentha kwambiri monga kukhitchini ndi zimbudzi; Palinso mawaya olumikizira m'kati mwa zipangizo zapakhomo, monga zoziziritsira mpweya, mafiriji, makina ochapira, ndi zina zotero. Zida zambiri zapamwamba-zidzagwiritsa ntchito mawaya a UL kuti atetezeke.
malo amalonda
M’malo opezeka anthu ambiri monga masitolo, nyumba zamaofesi, ndi mahotela, makina ounikira magetsi, mawaya apakati oziziritsira mpweya, ndi mawaya amagetsi angozi ali ndi anthu ambiri. Ngozi yamagetsi ikachitika, zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo mawaya a UL ndi zida zokhazikika.
gawo la mafakitale
Zida zopangira m'mafakitale, mizere yopangira makina, waya wamkati wamabokosi ogawa, ndi zina zambiri, m'malo opangira mafakitale, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zovuta zogwirira ntchito monga kutentha kwambiri, madontho amafuta, ndi kugwedezeka. Kukana kwa nyengo ndi kukhazikika kwa mawaya a UL kumakwaniritsa zofunikira izi.
Kutumiza zida kumunda
Zida zamagetsi, zida zamankhwala, zida zoyankhulirana, ndi zina zotere zotumizidwa ku North America, Europe, Southeast Asia ndi madera ena zikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya a UL-ovomerezeka kuti zigwirizane ndi malamulo achitetezo am'deralo.
Posankha mawaya a UL, pewani kusamvetsetsana kofala kuwiri uku
apa pali 2 malangizo kugula wanu
Zindikirani "chitsimikizo chovomerezeka" ndikukana "zolemba zabodza"
Pali amalonda ochepa osakhulupirika pamsika omwe amaika zilembo zabodza za UL. Mukamagula, mutha kuyang'ana zidziwitso za malondawo kudzera patsamba lovomerezeka la UL (lembani nambala yotsimikizira kapena dzina labizinesi) kuti mutsimikizire ngati ndi chinthu chovomerezeka.
Sankhani chitsanzo malinga ndi zosowa zanu. Sikuti "zokwera mtengo, zimakhala bwino"
Mawaya a UL amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala ndi kukana kutentha kosiyanasiyana, kukana kwamagetsi ndi mawonekedwe a conductor. Mwachitsanzo,Mtengo wa UL1007(yosasinthasintha kutentha kwa madigiri 80 ) nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira kukongoletsa m'nyumba, pamene m'malo a mafakitale{1}}otentha kwambiri, mamotchi omwe ali ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 125 kapena kuposa ayenera kusankhidwa. Palibe chifukwa chotsata mosawona zitsanzo zapamwamba{4}}zamitengo.
Pomaliza, mtengo wapakati waULmawaya agona pa "kusinthanitsa miyezo yokhwima yotsimikizira chitetezo". Kaya ndikukongoletsa kunyumba, kupanga mabizinesi kapena kutumiza katundu, kusankha mawaya a UL ndikugogomezera chitetezo komanso kukhathamiritsa-ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali. Ndipotu, m'munda wa zomangamanga zamagetsi, "chitetezo" nthawi zonse ndi ndalama zopindulitsa kwambiri.
