Tikamakamba za momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito, nthawi zambiri timayang'ana kwambiri mphamvu ya injini, makina oyendetsa mwanzeru kapena upangiri wamkati, koma osalabadira zomwe zimabisika mkati mwagalimoto, monga "neural network" - mawaya agalimoto. Amagwirizanitsa chigawo chilichonse chamagetsi cha galimoto, kuchokera ku magetsi, masensa kupita ku machitidwe a mphamvu, kuthandizira mwakachetechete kugwira ntchito kwa galimoto yonse. Ndipo kuseri kwa mizere yamagalimoto awa, aSAEmuyezo uli ngati "woyang'anira wabwino kwambiri", kufotokozera malire ake ogwirira ntchito ndi malire achitetezo. Lero, tiyeni tiwulule chinsinsi cha mawaya agalimoto a SAE.
Kodi muyezo wa SAE ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, ziyenera kuwonekeratu kutiMtengo wa SAEndi chidule cha "Society of Automotive Engineers" m'malo mwa wopanga makina kapena mtundu winawake. SAE yakhazikitsa miyezo yomwe imaphatikizapo mndandanda wonse wamtengo wapatali wa magalimoto, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe, kupanga, ndi kuyesa, ndipo ndi bungwe lovomerezeka kwambiri lovomerezeka mu makampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse.
Chifukwa chomwe waya wamagalimoto amayenera kutsatira miyezo ya SAE ndi chifukwa cha zovuta zamagalimoto agalimoto komanso malo ogwirira ntchito movutikira. Mawaya agalimoto opangidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kugwira ntchito mosagwirizana ngati palibe muyezo umodzi wokha, kuyambira pakulephera kwamagetsi pang'ono mpaka pazochitika zazikulu monga mabwalo aafupi ndi moto. Zotsatira zake, miyezo ya SAE imakhala ngati "benchmark" yomwe imatsimikizira kudalirika kwa waya wamagalimoto pamavuto osiyanasiyana.
Zida zotetezera: Mitundu itatu ya zipangizo ndi yoyenera pazochitika zosiyanasiyana
Chigawo cha insulation ndi chofunikira kwambiri "mzere woyamba wa chitetezo" pamawaya agalimoto. Imateteza core conductive core ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike m'malo ovuta ogwirira ntchito agalimoto, monga ma mechanical abrasion, chemical corrosion from oil and coolant, kutentha kwambiri, kulowerera kwa chinyezi, ndi kusokoneza magetsi. Muyezo wa SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) ndi-wodziwika bwino waumisiri wamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi. Yakhazikitsa matanthauzo omveka, okhwima amitundu itatu yayikulu ya zida zotsekera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawaya agalimoto. Mtundu uliwonse umapangidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito, ndipo amasinthidwa mosamala kuti agwirizane ndi zovuta za chilengedwe komanso zosowa zamagawo osiyanasiyana agalimoto. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mawaya azigwira ntchito modalirika komanso kukhala nthawi yayitali muzochitika zosiyanasiyana:
1
Thermoplastic insulation
Zoyimiridwa ndi zida monga PVC, zimaphatikizapo mitundu itatu:Zithunzi za GPT(zolinga zonse), TWP (zoonda-zotchinga), ndiZithunzi za HDT(ntchito yolemetsa-). Zina mwa izo, mtundu wa TWP, chifukwa cha kuonda-kwake kamangidwe ka mipanda, umatha kusunga malo bwino ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazingwe zamawaya amthupi. Mtundu wa HDT umapereka chitetezo chamakina chowonjezereka chokhala ndi chosanjikiza chokulirapo ndipo ndi choyenera pazovuta zogwirira ntchito.
2
Cross-zolumikizira za polyolefin
Zida za Polyolefin zomwe zakhala zikuthandizidwa-zolumikizana zolumikizana (monga GXL, TXL, ndiZithunzi za SXLtype) amathandizira kwambiri kupirira kutentha ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri-malo otentha kwambiri monga kufananitsa injini.
3
Insulation ya thermosetting elastomers
Zingwe zamtundu wa HTS, zopangidwa kuchokera ku mphira wapamwamba kwambiri-zochita bwino kwambiri ngati zotsekera ndi zowotcherera, zimadzitamandira bwino kwambiri zomwe zimatha kutha kutha komanso kutha kung'ambika, komanso kulimba kwanthawi yayitali{1}. Kuphatikizika kwazinthu zapaderazi kumathandizira chingwe kukhalabe chokhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ngakhale atapindika mobwerezabwereza, kupotoza ndi kusuntha, popanda kusweka, kuumitsa kapena kutaya mphamvu zake zoteteza. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zingwe za HTS ziwonekere bwino ndi kapangidwe kake ka mawaya amphamvu pamagalimoto, kuwapanga kukhala chisankho chabwino komanso chodalirika pamawaya omwe amafunikira kusintha pafupipafupi komanso kusintha kwakanthawi{4}}makamaka m'ma module a zitseko zamagalimoto, pomwe ma waya amapindika mobwerezabwereza nthawi iliyonse chitseko chikatsegulidwa ndi kutseka, chingwe cholumikizira chimagwira ntchito komanso chotseka. kukhazikika-kwanthawi yayitali.
Momwe mungasankhire waya wolondola wamagalimoto a SAE pazochitika zosiyanasiyana?
Engine yamphamvu
Monga amodzi mwa malo otentha kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri-malo osatetezeka m'galimoto, chipinda cha injini chimafuna{1}}zingwe zamawaya zogwira ntchito kwambiri zotha kutentha kwambiri. Kwa gawo lofunika ili,Mtengo wa GXLkapenaTXLcross-zingwe zolumikizidwa za polyolefin ziyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo. Kutentha kwake-kumapangitsa kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito, kutha kusintha bwino-malo otentha kwambiri komanso kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akulumikizidwa modalirika komanso{4}}zotetezedwa kwanthawi yayitali pazigawo zagalimoto.
Chingwe cholumikizira thupi
Poganizira za compactness komanso kusinthasintha,TWPzingwe zoonda-zokhala ndi mipanda za thermoplastic ndizosankhika bwino pamakanema osiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe kake kopyapyala- kotchingidwa ndi mipanda kumateteza kwambiri malo oikapo, kulowa bwino m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono komanso otsekeka. Pakadali pano, zida za thermoplastic zimapatsa kusinthika kwabwino, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale angapo ndi zamagetsi, kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamawaya ndi magwiridwe antchito odalirika komanso kugwira ntchito mokhazikika.
Module ya khomo / padzuwa
Muzochitika zomwe zida zamagetsi ndi machitidwe amasinthidwa pafupipafupi, zingwe zolumikizidwa zimapindika mobwerezabwereza, kupotoza ndi kupsinjika kwamakina pafupipafupi, zomwe zimayika zofuna zolimba pakukhazikika kwawo komanso kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito. Zingwe zokha zokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri zimatha kupirira kuvala kwamakina mosalekeza popanda kusokoneza kayendedwe ka magetsi kapena kukhulupirika kwadongosolo. Chifukwa chake, zingwe za HTS zasankhidwa ngati njira yomwe mukufuna.
Dongosolo loyambira
Zikafika pazovuta zamphamvu zotumizira magetsi{{0}pakali pano m'mafakitale, magalimoto ndi magetsi apamadzi, kusankha njira zamawaya kumafuna kutsata mosamalitsa miyezo yaukadaulo yamakampani. Makamaka, zingwe za batire zolemera-zopangidwa ndi kupangidwa mogwirizana ndi muyezo wa SAE J1127 ndizomwe zili zofunika kwambiri.
Future Trend
Kufunika kwa zingwe pamakina amagetsi apagalimoto kukukulirakulirabe chifukwa chakukula mwachangu kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano. TheMtengo wapatali wa magawo SAEzitha kusintha m'tsogolomu kuti ziphatikizepo zofunikira zolimba kwambiri za ma elekitiromagineti, kutentha kwapamwamba, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe-zochezeka. Chinsinsi chokulitsa kupikisana kwazinthu kwa opanga ma automaker ndi ma component suppliers kudzakhala kuyang'anitsitsa mayendedwe okhazikika ndikupanga kukonzekera mwaukadaulo pasadakhale.
Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha lingaliro la "tsatanetsatane limatsimikizira chitetezo" mumsika wamagalimoto ndi kukhalapo kwa waya wamagalimoto a SAE, omwe adasintha kuchokera ku waya wocheperako kupita pamiyezo yokwanira. Nthawi yotsatira tidzadabwa ndi luso lamakono lopezeka m'magalimoto, tiyeni tizikumbukira "mizere ya moyo" iyi yomwe imabisika mkati mwa thupi la galimotoyo; ndi ntchito yawo yodalirika yomwe imapereka chitsimikizo champhamvu paulendo uliwonse.
