Tikamakamba za makampani opanga magalimoto ku Germany, zinthu zoyamba zomwe zimabwera m'maganizo mwanga ndi kuyendetsa bwino kwa BMW, kukwezeka kwa Mercedes-Benz, ndi kulimba kwa Volkswagen. Komabe, ndi anthu owerengeka omwe amalabadira za "backstage heroes" zomwe zimathandizira izi - mawaya agalimoto. Ngati injini ndi "mtima" wa galimoto, ndiye mawaya magalimoto ndi "zotengera" ndi "misempha" thupi lonse. Ndipo mizere yamagalimoto yokhazikika yaku Germany (mizere yokhazikika yaku Germany) yakhala "ndalama zolimba" zomwe opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi akupikisana kuti atenge. Lero, tiyeni tiwulule zinsinsi zake zabwino.
1.Beyond "Meeting Standards" : Kodi Mulingo wa Chijeremani umatanthawuza bwanji "Kupitilira Maphunziro" makhalidwe?
Pankhani yopanga mafakitale, "miyezo" nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunika kwambiri. Komabe, lingaliro la German Standard Automotive Line ndikusintha miyezo kukhala "denga". Kusiyanaku kwamalingaliro kungawonetsedwe momveka bwino ndi zomwe zimatsata pazizindikiro zazikulu.
Tengerani chitsanzo cha kondakitala. Muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi umafunika kuyera kwa mkuwa wogwiritsidwa ntchito pamawaya agalimoto kukhala 99.9%, pomwe mulingo waku Germany umakweza mwachindunji kufika 99.95% yapamwamba-yoyera electrolytic copper. Osapeputsa izi kuwonjezeka kwa 0.05%. Ikhoza kuonjezera madulidwe a waya ndi 3% ndikuchepetsa kukana ndi 5%. Sikuti izi zimachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu, komanso zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha moto chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri, muyezo wa ku Germany umafunikanso kuti ma conductor agwiritse ntchito "bundling + double twisting" double-layer twisting process. Izi zitha kuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwa waya ndi 40%. M'madera ena a galimoto yomwe imakhala ndi kugwedezeka pafupipafupi, moyo wautumiki umakulitsidwa kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi mawaya wamba.
Mapangidwe a gawo lotsekera akuwonetsanso "kuganiza bwino" kwa muyezo waku Germany. Malingana ndi kusiyana kwa chilengedwe m'madera osiyanasiyana a galimoto, muyeso wa ku Germany wagawa mitundu 12 yazitsulo zotchinjiriza: chosanjikiza cha mphira cha silicone cha chipinda cha injini, chomwe chimatha kupirira kutentha nthawi yomweyo poyambitsa injini; zinthu za PVC zapakhomo, zomwe sizimang'ambika ngakhale zitatha nthawi 100,000 zotsegula ndi kutseka mayeso opindika; moto-wolephereka-wolumikizana ndi zinthu za polyethylene pafupi ndi thanki yamafuta, yomwe imatha kuzimitsa yokha pakadutsa masekondi atatu ikayaka. "Fomula imodzi ya gawo limodzi" ili ndi mulingo wokhazikika womwe umaposa zomwe mayiko ambiri amafunikira "zolinga{8}zonse" zamayiko ambiri.
2.Kuchokera ku Laboratory kupita ku Road: "Kuyesa Kwambiri" kwa German Standard Car Wires
Kusamala kwa mainjiniya aku Germany kumawonekera bwino pakuyesa njira yamagalimoto. Amakhulupirira kuti "mzere woyenerera wamagalimoto uyenera kukhala wokhoza kupirira zovuta zonse m'moyo wonse wagalimoto." Pazifukwa izi, Debiao wakhazikitsa njira yoyesera yapawiri yomwe imaphimba "malo owopsa + malo ogwirira ntchito mopitilira muyeso", ndipo zinthu zambiri zoyeserera zimatchulidwanso ndi makampani ngati "kuwunika kwanthawi zonse".
M'chipinda choyesera zachilengedwe, mawaya amagalimoto amatha kukhudzidwa ndi "-40 digiri kuzizira kwambiri → 80 digiri kutentha kwambiri →95% chinyezi chambiri", ndi kuzungulira 10 patsiku kwa masiku 30 otsatizana. Insulation layer siyenera kuwonetsa kung'ambika kapena kuphulika. Poyesa kutopa kwamakina, mawaya amakhazikika pa benchi yoyesera yomwe imatengera kugwedezeka kwa chassis ndipo imagwedezeka pafupipafupi 300 pa mphindi. Pambuyo pa maola 500 akuyesa kosalekeza, kusweka kwa ma conductor sayenera kupitirira 0.1%. Mayeso ovuta kwambiri ndi "chemical corrosion test". Madzi oyesera amagwiritsira ntchito mwachindunji mafuta a injini omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, brake fluid ndi antifreeze m'magalimoto. Mawaya akamizidwa m'menemo kwa maola 1,000, kuchepa kwa kukana kwa insulation sikuyenera kupitirira 10%.
Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, mulingo waku Germany wawonjezera mwapadera "high-voltage pulse test". Pazingwe zamawaya zazitali{{2}ziyenera kupirira 10 10kV high-voltage pulse impact mkati mwa mphindi imodzi, ndipo zosanjikizazo zisamabooledwe. Muyezo woyezerawu umakhudza kwambiri-malo opweteka owopsa a magalimoto atsopano amagetsi ndipo wapangitsanso mawaya aku Germany okwera kwambiri-kukhala chisankho chofunikira kwa opanga magalimoto amphamvu atsopano monga Tesla ndi BYD.
3. "Zosankha" za Global automakers: Chifukwa chiyani Miyezo yaku Germany Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito?
Masiku ano
Sikuti magalimoto amtundu waku Germany monga Volkswagen, BMW ndi Mercedes-Benz amapereka magalimoto aku Germany ngati zida zodziwika bwino, komanso opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi monga Toyota, Ford ndi Hyundai atengera zida zaku Germany pamamodeli awo apamwamba-. Kumbuyo kwa izi ndikulingalira bwino kwa opanga magalimoto "mtengo wanthawi zonse".
Chiwonetsero cha data
Mtundu wogwiritsa ntchito mawaya aku Germany oyendera magalimoto ali ndi kulephera kwamagetsi komwe kumatsika ndi 60% kuposa mawaya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya wamba. M'makampani oyendetsa magalimoto, avereji ya mtengo wokonza -zogulitsa za kulephera kwa makina amagetsi amodzi ndi 2,000 yuan, ndipo pafupifupi, kulephera kwamagetsi kumachitika katatu mpaka 5 pa nthawi ya moyo wagalimoto. Kwa kampani yopanga magalimoto yomwe imagulitsa mayunitsi 1 miliyoni pachaka, pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya oyendera magalimoto ku Germany, imatha kusunga ndalama zofikira ma yuan mamiliyoni mazana angapo-pachaka.
Koposa zonse
"Kugwirizana" kwa miyezo yaku Germany kwapereka mwayi kwa opanga ma automaker. Mawonekedwe ndi mitundu ya mawaya oyendera magalimoto aku Germany (monga mawaya alalanje okwera kwambiri-ndi mawaya akuda ndi mawaya otsikira pansi) zonse zakhala zofala pamakampani. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawaya aku Germany opangidwa ndi ogulitsa osiyanasiyana amatha kusinthidwa momwe angafune, ndipo opanga magalimoto safunika kuyika ndalama zowonjezera za R&D kuti asinthe zinthu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza uku kwa "standardization + compatability" kwapangitsa mzere wamagalimoto wamba waku Germany kukhala "chilankhulo chapadziko lonse lapansi" pamakina operekera magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi.
4.Tsogolo lili Pano: Kodi Miyezo Yachi German ingagwirizane bwanji ndi Zofuna Zatsopano za Magalimoto Anzeru?
Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamagalimoto anzeru komanso makina ochezera pamagalimoto, gawo la mizere yamagalimoto likusintha kuchokera ku "ma transmitters" kupita ku "ma data transmission hubs". Kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kwa makumi a ma gigabytes a kutumiza deta yamagalimoto pamphindikati, miyezo ya ku Germany yakhala ikutsogolera poyambitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mibadwo yatsopano ya mizere yamagalimoto.
Panopa, DIN (German Institute for Standardization) yatulutsa ndondomeko ya muyezo wa DIN/TS 70113, womwe umapereka njira yothetsera kamangidwe ka "wiring + fiber optic" pofuna kupititsa patsogolo-zofunika kutumiza deta mwachangu pamagalimoto anzeru. Mawaya ophatikizikawa samangotumiza ma siginolo amagetsi akale komanso amatha kutumiza mwachangu-ma data a liwiro la Efaneti yagalimoto kudzera mu makina opangidwa-mu fiber optic, ndi liwiro lotumiza mpaka 10 Gbps, kukwaniritsa zofunika kutumiza data ya sensa ya L4{9}}level yoyendetsa mwanzeru. Nthawi yomweyo, mulingo watsopanowo umawonjezeranso kufunikira kwa "electromagnetic shielding", kudzera muzojambula ziwiri zosanjikiza za aluminiyamu + zotchingira zotchinga ukonde, kuchuluka kwa kusokonezedwa kwamagetsi kumawonjezeka mpaka 99.9%, kupewa kusokonezedwa kwa data ndi zida monga injini ndi ma radar.
Kuchokera pamagalimoto amtundu wamafuta kupita kumagalimoto amagetsi atsopano, kuyambira pakuyendetsa wamba mpaka pakuyendetsa mwanzeru, mzere wamagalimoto aku Germany wakhala ukutsogola ukadaulo wamakampani. Kupambana kwake sikumangokhalira kufunafuna komaliza, komanso kuneneratu kolondola kwamakampani. Mwina uku ndiye mpikisano weniweni wa "German Manufacturing" - osatsatira miyezo mosasunthika, koma nthawi zonse kufotokozera zatsopano.
