M'magalimoto oyendera magalimoto, mawaya ali ngati "neural network", amatsimikizira mwachindunji ntchito yokhazikika ya zida zamagetsi zamagalimoto, zida ndi zida zina. The national standard mawayaQB-A, QB-B, QB-C, Mtengo wa QFRndiMtengo wa QVRzonse ndizokhazikika m'munda wamagalimoto. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawaya amkati m'magalimoto, amakhala ndi zomwe amayang'ana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kukana kutentha, zida zotsekera komanso zochitika zomwe zikugwira ntchito. Lero, tikutsitsani m'modzim'modzi kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri komanso zochitika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
QB-A: Waya woonda kwambiri-wotsekeredwa ndi mipanda pamagalimoto
Monga mawaya ocheperako-otsekeredwa ndi mipanda apansi-yamagetsi agalimoto,QB-Andiwotchipa-chisankho chabwino pamabwalo ambiri amagalimoto wamba. Imagwirizana ndi muyezo wa QC/T730 - 2005, kondakitala amagwiritsa ntchito 0.35 - 25mm² waya wofewa wopanda kanthu. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa waya kusinthasintha bwino, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kupindika ndikuyenda m'malo ovuta mkati mwagalimoto.
Insulation layer imapangidwa ndi zinthu za polyvinyl chloride (PVC), zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali- mpaka madigiri 85 ndipo zimatha kutengera kutentha kochepera - 40 digiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ili ndi makhalidwe ofunika monga kukana asidi ndi alkali, kukana mafuta, ndi kuvala kukana. Kwa magawo omwe ali ndi zofunika kukana kutentha pang'ono m'mabwalo owunikira wamba amagalimoto ndi mabwalo othandizira magetsi pamapanelo amkati a khomo lagalimoto,QB-Andiyabwino kwambiri. Waya wamtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umapezeka motsatizana ndi 0.5 - 35mm², nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa m’mipukutu yotalika mamita 500, ndipo mitundu yake imatha kukwanitsa mitundu yofiira, yakuda, ndi yachikasu.
QB-B: Mtundu wocheperako-wokhala ndi mipanda wokhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kutentha
QB-Bikhoza kuonedwa ngati mtundu wa QB wosamva kutentha- -A, woyenerera ma circuit amagalimoto omwe amafunikira kutentha kwambiri. Malo ake odutsa-amayambira 0.13 mpaka 120 mm², akukwaniritsa zofunika zosiyanasiyana kuyambira mawaya a zida zosalimba mpaka mawaya olumikizira magetsi okhuthala pang'ono.
Ubwino wake waukulu ndikuwongolera kutentha. Mulingo wapamwamba wa kutentha kwake kwanthawi yayitali - yogwira ntchito wakwezedwa kufika madigiri 105 . Itha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika ngakhale m'malo omwe kutentha kwake kumakwera pang'ono, monga mozungulira injini. Zomangamanga zimagwiritsa ntchito PVC yopyapyala ya - yopangidwa ndi mawaya apagalimoto. Itha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa waya ndikusunga malo oyika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti insulator ikugwira ntchito. Mphamvu yake yovotera ndi 25V/AC kapena 60V/DC. Zadutsa kuyesa kwamagetsi kwa 1000V kwa mphindi 30. Kukana kwa insulation pa madigiri 20 sikuchepera 10MΩ · km. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchitoQB-Bmolimba mtima kwambiri m'magawo akuluakulu monga mawaya olumikizira owongolera magalimoto ndi zida zazikulu zamagalimoto.
QB-C: High-wopinga kutentha{2}}wolumikizidwa ndi polyethylene insulation mtundu
Ngati QB-A ndi QB-B ikuyimira zochitika zokhazikika, ndiyeQB-Cndi "katswiri" wa -zotentha kwambiri. Imatsatiranso muyezo wa QC/T730 - 2005, koma yasintha kwambiri zinthu zotsekereza - pogwiritsa ntchito XLPE ngati zosanjikiza, zomwe zimakweza kutentha kwake kwanthawi yayitali -kufikira madigiri 125, kupitilira mawaya awiri am'mbuyo a PVC{6}.
QB-C imaphatikiza kufewa ndi kusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziyika m'malo monga malo a injini yagalimoto momwe kutentha kumakwera komanso mawaya ovuta. Kusawotcha kwake kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe ake abwino amakina amatheketsa kupirira kukalamba ndi kuvala m'malo otentha kwambiri-, komanso kukana kwake kwamafuta ndikosangalatsanso. M'madera omwe ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu-konga ngati mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi atsopano kapena ma sensa a sensa pafupi ndi paipi ya exhaust ya galimoto,QB-Cndi chisankho chodalirika.
QFR: Mtundu wotsekera wophatikizika wokhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha
Mtengo wa QFRndi ya mawaya otsika-amagetsi apamsewu. Zinthu zake zophatikizika zakwaniritsa kukhathamiritsa kwapawiri potengera kutentha komanso kukana mafuta. Kondakitala ndi 0.3 - 120mm² waya wofewa wopanda kanthu. Magawo akuluakulu-akupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera-zigawo zing'onozing'ono zamagetsi mkati mwa galimotoyo, komanso ikwaniritse zofunikira zamawaya a{7}zida zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri.
TheMtengo wa QFRali ndi kutentha kwamphamvu kusinthasintha ndipo amatha kulimbana ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha m'madera osiyanasiyana a galimoto. Wosanjikiza wotsekerayo amathandizira kwambiri kukana kwake kwamafuta, ndipo ngakhale akakumana ndi mafuta a injini yamagalimoto, mafuta otumizira, ndi zina zambiri, sizingakumane ndi zovuta monga kusweka kapena kukalamba kwa gawo lotsekera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo amagetsi m'malo otentha kwambiri-amagalimoto, monga ma mayendedwe olumikizira mpweya wagalimoto yamagalimoto ndi ma circuit amplifier power amplifier, etc.
QVR: Mtundu wapamwamba wa PVC wotetezedwa ndi mphamvu zambiri
Mtengo wa QVRndi njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri-yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo a magalimoto, motsatira mulingo wa JB/T8139 - 1999. Itha kuwonedwa ngati "chida{3}}chofuna zonse" pakuyatsa mawaya m'magalimoto. Kondakitala wake ndi 0.3 - 120mm² waya wopindika wofewa wa mkuwa, ndipo mtanda wake waukulu kwambiri-wosiyanasiyana umaupangitsa kukhala woyenera pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Mtengo wa QVRangapezeke m'madera osiyanasiyana a galimoto, kuphatikizapo mabwalo a zonyamula mazenera, mipando kusintha madera, ndipo ngakhale mabwalo magetsi magetsi nyali galimoto. Komanso, imathandizira zizindikilo zamitundu imodzi-zamitundu iwiri kapena iwiri{2}}zimene zimathandizira kusiyanitsa kwa magwiridwe antchito panthawi yokonza komanso kuwongolera bwino kwambiri.
Chidule: Maupangiri Ang'onoang'ono 5 Posankha Mawaya Okhazikika aku China
Mitundu 5 iyi yaChinese mawaya muyezozonse zimayang'ana pazochitika zamagalimoto, koma zofunikira zawo zimasiyanasiyana. Ngati mukuchita nawo zosintha kapena kukonza galimoto, mutha kulozera ku mfundo yosavuta iyi: zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamkati ziyenera kusankhidwa ngatiQB - A; madera ozungulira injini ndi kutentha pang'ono apamwamba ayenera kusankhidwa mongaQB - B; madera pafupi mabatire ndi utsi mapaipi ndi kutentha kwambiri ayenera kusankhidwa mongaQB - C; ngati muyenera kuganizira zonse kukana mafuta komanso kutentha, sankhaniMtengo wa QFR; ngati mukufuna kusinthasintha komanso mtengo-mwachangu, sankhaniMtengo wa QVR.
Kusankha njira yoyenera ya waya sikungotsimikizira kugwira ntchito kokhazikika kwa mabwalo a galimotoyo, komanso kungapewe ngozi zomwe zingateteze chitetezo monga maulendo afupikitsa ndi kukalamba kwa waya kuyambira pachiyambi. Mawaya ang'onoang'ono awa obisika mkati mwagalimoto ndiye chitsimikizo chofunikira pakuyendetsa bwino kwagalimoto!
